Laravel One to One Relationship Tutorial

In this tutorial, we will look at how to create a one to one relationship between two models. This is a very basic type of database relationship. For example, a user model is related to an application model.

In this tutorial, we want to explain how Laravel 5, Laravel 6, Laravel 7, Laravel 8 and Laravel 9 form one to one model relationship in applications. The one-to-one model relationship is very simple and basic. You need to make sure that a table contains keys that match other table fields. With that key you will be able to view records from one table to another using one-to-one model relationships.

Laravel offers a eloquent relationship that makes for a powerful query. In Laravel, model classes are used to use eloquent relationships. Laravel eloquent offers simple ways to build common relationships:Laravel offers a chic relationship that makes for a powerful query. In Laravel, model classes are used to use one to one relationships. Laravel eloquent offers simple ways to build common relationships.

Step 1 : Create Migration

In this step, we will create migration. So let us run the following command to create a post table.

php artisan make:migration create_profiles_table

Now next, goto database/migrations/create_profiles_table.php migration file. and edit bellow code.

<?php
  
use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;
  
return new class extends Migration
{
    /**
     * Run the migrations.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function up()
    {
    	Schema::create('profiles', function (Blueprint $table) {
    		$table->id();
    		$table->integer('user_id')->unsigned();
    		$table->integer('mobile');
    		$table->integer('city');
    		$table->integer('dist');
    		$table->integer('pincode');
	        $table->integer('dob');
	        $table->boolean('status');
	        $table->timestamps();

	        $table->foreign('user_id')->references('id')->on('users')->onDelete('cascade');
	    });
	}
  
    /**
     * Reverse the migrations.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function down()
    {
        Schema::dropIfExists('profiles');
    }
};

Note that we have added user_id (forengn_key) which corresponds to the id (local_key) field of the user table. Below are the profiles migration fields.

Run the migrate command to create tables into database.

php artisan migrate

Step 2 : Create Model

Now, run below command to create Profile model.

php artisan make:model Profile

Then goto app/Models/Profile.php model file and update following code.

<?php

namespace App\Models;

use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
use App\Models\User;

class Profile extends Model
{
    use HasFactory;

    /**
     * Get the user associated with the application.
     */
    public function user()
    {
        return $this->belongsTo(User::class);
    }
}

There is already User model in the new Laravel application. So open App\Models\User.php file and edit bellow code

<?php

namespace App\Models;

use Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\MustVerifyEmail;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Auth\User as Authenticatable;
use Illuminate\Notifications\Notifiable;
use Laravel\Sanctum\HasApiTokens;
use App\Models\Profile;

class User extends Authenticatable
{
    use HasApiTokens, HasFactory, Notifiable;

    /**
     * Get the application associated with the user.
     */
    public function profile()
    {
        return $this->hasOne(Profile::class);
    }
}

Let it be assumed that you have a user_id field in the application table which corresponds to the if field of the user table. If you want to define fields other than user_id in the profile, you can pass the foreign_key as a second argument. Suppose we have a number field corresponding to the ID field of the user table.

public function profile()
{
    return $this->hasOne(Profile::class, 'mobile');
}

Step 3 : Create Route

Open routes/web.php file and edit bellow router

<?php

use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Route;
use App\Http\Controllers\ProfileController;

Route::get('/profile', [ProfileController::class, 'index']);

Step 4 : Create Controller

if no have a ProfileController then mack bellow command

php artisan make:controller ProfileController

Now we have to create a new controller as the ProfileController. We will get the user information from them

Find user record that is belongs to profile model

Goto app/Http/Controllers/ProfileController.php and follow below code

<?php

namespace App\Http\Controllers;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;

use App\Models\User;

class ProfileController extends Controller
{
    /**
     * Display a listing of the resource.
     *
     * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
     */
    public function index()
    {
        $profile = User::find(1)->profile;

    	dd($profile);
    }
}

Other Examples

Reverse relationship, a way to access user records.

public function index()
{
    $user = Profile::find(1)->user;

    dd($user);
}

How to get a single value from a relationship, for example, requires only the user's email.

public function index()
{
    $email = Profile::find(1)->user->email;

    dd($email);
}

I hope this helps you understand the relationship one by one.

All Laravel relationship Tutorials